Effect of Huangqin Decoction on pyroptosis pathway of NLRP3/caspase-1 in mice with ulcerative colitis / 中国中药杂志

To explore the effect of Huangqin Decoction on ulcerative colitis(UC) pyroptosis, and to explain the mechanism of pyroptosis based on NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain 3(NLRP3)/cysteine proteinase 1(caspase-1) pathway. The animal model of UC induced with 3% dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) was established. The experimental animals were divided into control group, model group, low-dose(4.55 g·kg~(-1)), medium-dose(9.1 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(18.2 g·kg~(-1)) Huangqin Decoction groups and salazosulfapyridine group(0.45 g·kg~(-1)). While modeling, intragastric administration was given for 7 consecutive days. On the 8 th day, the mice were euthanized, the colon length was collected, and the histopathological changes were observed by HE staining. The content of interleukin-18(IL-18) was observed by ELISA. The content of lactatedehydrogenase(LDH)was determined by microplate method. TUNEL assay kit was used to detect the cell death. The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC). Western blot was used to detect the expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), caspase-1 and gasdermin D(GSDMD).The experimental study showed that compared with normal group, the LDH content, TUNEL positive staining, inflammatory factors(IL-18, IL-1β), and proteins associated with pyroptosis were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with model control group, the LDH content, TUNEL positive staining, inflammatory factors(IL-18, IL-1β), and proteins associated with pyroptosis were decreased, and these results were more significant in high-dose groups(P<0.05). The results of HE staining showed that Huangqin Decoction could improve the pathological changes of colon. Huangqin Decoction could inhibit UC cell pyroptosis, and the mechanism may be closely related to NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway.

Effect of Huangqintang on Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis-related Indexes GSH-Px4，P53，SLC7A11 in Ulcerative Colitis Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of Huangqintang in treating ulcerative colitis （UC）. Method:The animal model of UC was induced by dextran sodium sulfate （DSS）．The experimental animals were divided into control group， model group，Huangqintang low dose （4.55 g·kg^-1）， medium dose （9.1 g·kg^-1）， and high dose（18.2 g·kg^-1） groups. Intragastric administration was also given in the modeling process for 7 consecutive days. At the end of the 8th day， colon tissues were collected to measure colon length and mass， and calculate the colon mass index. Pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Serum iron content， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione （GSH）， catalase （CAT） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） were determined by biochemical assay. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 （GSH-Px4）， long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 （ACSL4） and ferritin heavy chain 1（FTH1）. The mRNA expression levels of tumor trotein 53 （P53） and solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11） in colon tissues were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:The experimental studies showed that compared with normal group， serum MPO and iron content， ACSL4 protein level and relative P53 mRNA expression in the model group significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， while serum SOD， CAT， GSH content， GSH-Px4， FTH1 relative protein expression level and relative SLC7A11 mRNA expression in the model group significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with model group， serum MPO and iron content， ACSL4 protein level and relative P53 mRNA expression significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， while serum SOD， CAT， GSH content， GSH-Px4， FTH1 relative protein expression level and relative SLC7A11 mRNA expression significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05） after the intervention of Huangqintang， and the effect was most significant in the high-dose group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The results of general condition， colon length， colon mass index and HE staining showed that Huangqintang could relieve clinical symptoms and histopathological changes in UC mice. Conclusion:These results indicated that Huangqintang had therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis mice， and its mechanism might be related to inhibiting the oxidative stress and ferroptosis.

Optimization of production of ginenoside Rg5 by microwave-assistant degradation method of total saponins from stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the production of ginenoside Rg5 by microwave-assistant degradation method of total saponins from the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng (PN) by orthogonal design and response surface method. Methods: Using microwave-assistant degradation technology to obtain rare ginsenosides from the stems and leaves of PN. The content of ginsenoside Rg5 was determined by HPLC. With the production of ginsenoside Rg5 as the evaluation index, the orthogonal experiment design and response surface method were performed on the basis of single factor experiments to investigate the effects of microwave temperature, microwave power, and microwave time on the degradation yield of ginsenoside Rg5. Results: The influence of each factor on the yield of ginsenoside Rg5 was the same by the two methods, the order of which was microwave temperature > microwave power > microwave time. Results: indicated that the optimum conditions were the microwave power of 500 W, the microwave temperature of 150 ℃, and the microwave time of 20 min by orthogonal design, resulting in the yield of ginsenoside Rg5 of 44.76%. The yield of ginsenoside Rg5 was 43.07% when the conditions was optimized by response surface method under microwave power 540 W, temperature 153 ℃,and time 20 min. Conclusion: Each of the two methods had its own advantages, all of which are valuable for the preparation of rare saponins from the stems and leaves of PN.

Relation of cyber bullying to psychological status, online social support and psychological resilience in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objectives:To explore the relationship between cyber bullying incident and psychological status of college students,and the effects of online social support and psychological resilience.Methods:Totally 608 college students (aged 17-25 years) were selected.They were investigated with the Cyberbullying Inventory (CI,including cyber bullying and cyber bullied),Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90),College Students' Online Social Support Scale (CSOSSS) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RSIC).Results:Online social support partly mediated the relationship between cyber bullying dimension or cyber bullied dimension and psychological status,and the ratios of the mediating effects to total effects were 24.1％ and 22.0％ separately.Psychological resilience didn't moderate the relationship between cyber bullying dimension and psychological status (β =0.01,P ＞ 0.05),but moderated the relationship between cyber bullied and psychological status (β =-0.08,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:The cyber bullying and cyber bullied may be not only related to psychological status directly,but also related to social support indirectly through online.Psychological resilience could buffer the effect of cyber bullied on psychological status.

Combination of musk and olibanum promotes proliferation of prostate stem cells in mice: An experimental study / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To study the effects of muskolibanum combination on the proliferation and differentiation of prostate stem cells.@*METHODS@#We cultured prostate epithelial cells and urogenital sinus mesenchymal (UGSM) cells from 7－10 d old C57BL/6 mice and 16－18 d old pregnant C57BL/6 mice, transplanted the mixed suspension of the two types of cells under the kidney envelope of SCIDCB.17 male mice, and harvested the transplants 30 days later. We randomly divided the SCIDCB.17 mice into four groups to be treated intragastrically with musk (n = 8), olibanum (n = 8), musk+olibanum (n = 7), and normal saline (blank control, n = 8)) respectively, all for 14 days. Then we collected the kidney tissue for observation of the morphology of the glandular tubes and differentiation of different subsets of stem cells by HE staining and determination of the expressions and distribution of P63, CD133, CD117 and Sca1 by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#A system was successfully established for the isolation and mixed culture of Sca1 Lin+ CD49f+ (LSC) cells of prostate stem cells and UGSM cells of the mouse embryonic prostate. Immunohistochemistry showed positive expressions of P63, CD133, Sca1, and CD117 in the prostatic acinar epithelia and proved the presence of prostatic acinar epithelial structure in the transplants. Compared with the blank control group, the expressions of CD133, Sca1 and CD117 were significantly increased in the musk, olibanum, and musk+olibanum groups (P< 0.05), higher in the musk+olibanum than in the musk or olibanum group (P< 0.05), and their protein expressions were even more elevated in the musk+olibanum group (P< 0.01), with statistically significant difference from the olibanum group (P< 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The combination of musk and olibanum can improve the proliferation and differentiation of prostate stem cells.

NAMPT inhibition synergizes with NQO1-targeting agents in inducing apoptotic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer cells / 中国天然药物

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) catalyzes the first rate-limiting step in converting nicotinamide to NAD(+), essential for a number of enzymes and regulatory proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes, including deacetylation enzyme SIRT1 which modulates several tumor suppressors such as p53 and FOXO. Herein we report that NQO1 substrates Tanshione IIA (TSA) and β-lapachone (β-lap) induced a rapid depletion of NAD(+) pool but adaptively a significant upregulation of NAMPT. NAMPT inhibition by FK866 at a nontoxic dose significantly enhanced NQO1-targeting agent-induced apoptotic cell death. Compared with TSA or β-lap treatment alone, co-treatment with FK866 induced a more dramatic depletion of NAD(+), repression of SIRT1 activity, and thereby the increased accumulation of acetylated FOXO1 and the activation of apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, the results from the present study support that NAMPT inhibition can synergize with NQO1 activation to induce apoptotic cell death, thereby providing a new rationale for the development of combinative therapeutic drugs in combating non-small lung cancer.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and circulating tumor cells / 肿瘤

Currently, it is considered that the tumor cells get abnormal activity by EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) activation, inducing the generation and survival of CTCs (circulating tumor cells). After dissemination of CTCs through the blood, MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition) occurs to form secondary tumor metastasis. Given that EMT is a key factor to induce CTCs to promote tumor metastasis, more and more attention was paid on CTCs in prognosis and targeted therapy of tumors. This review is mainly involved the current progress in the role of EMT in generation and survival of CTCs and the role of MET in metastasis formation from EMT-derived CTCs, and discusses the problem of the clinical application of detection of CTCs-EMT phenotype. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Influence of fluoride ion-implanted titanium on the formation of focal adhesion plaque in vitro / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the chemical composition of the modified surface of fluoride ion-implanted titanium and assess the effect on the formation of focal adhesion plaque in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pure commercial titanium discs were treated with fluoride ion implantation by plasma immersion ion implantation technique (PIII) and chemical composition and value of the surface modification layer were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). In order to investigate the formation of focal adhesion plaque, MG-63 cells were seeded onto the surfaces of the modified Ti discs and quantified by morphometric analysis using an immunofluorescence microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The full range XPS spectra and fitting results indicated that the surface of fluoride ion-implanted titanium was the mixture of titanium dioxide and titanium trifluoride. Meanwhile, the quantity of focal adhesion plaque on fluoride ion-implanted titanium was more than that on the non-implanted titanium after 6 hours' cell culture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The XPS data revealed that the modified surface layer of fluoride ion-implanted titanium contained titanium dioxide and titanium trifluoride, which could enhance the formation of focal adhesion plaque.</p>

Three dimensional finite element stress analysis on superstructure of the fixed bridge supported by tooth-implant / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reveal the stress distribution in the superstructure of fixed bridge supported by tooth-implant in the process of mastication for improvement of denture design.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The stress distribution and displacement of the superstructure were studied and analyzed by means of CT Scan, CAD and three-dimensional finite element when various loads were applied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The stress distribution in abutments under oblique loads at forty-five degrees was uneven and the peak value was 4 - 6 times higher than that under vertical loads. Stress concentration occurred with significant compressive stress. (2) Compressive stress widely distributed in the middle area of occlusal surface of pontic, whose peak value under concentrated loads was significantly higher than that under disperse loads. The loading direction had no effect on the stress concentration. (3) The maximum displacement of implant abutment in medial-distal direction was greater than that of the neck of nature tooth.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The mechanic complications of superstructure could be prevented by reducing oblique loads and concentrated ones. It is certain that the further improvements of curve-resistance of pontics and press-resistance of abutments are available.</p>